Medical formulation of high-protein diet plans: energy calculation, macronutrient ratios and meal scheduling

III. Development of a High-Protein Diet Plan (1) Calculation of Daily Energy Requirements: After obesity diagnosis and risk assessment, the daily energy requirement (kcal/d) is obtained in the following two ways. According to height and weight, ideal weight (kg) × 20kcal/(kg·d) Ideal weight (kg) = Height (cm) - 105 Lean body mass can also be determined according to body composition: Basal metabolic rate (BMR) × Physical activity coefficient - 500 (kcal) BMR = 370 + 21.6 × Lean body mass (kg) Physical activity coefficient reference: 1.2: Almost no exercise, often sits in the office; 1.3 1.4: Stands and walks every day, such as teachers or light exercise 1-3 times a week; 1.5 1.6: Relatively active, runs or does moderate-intensity exercise outside every day, 3-5 days a week; 1.7 1.8: Very active, manual laborer or exercises 6-7 times a week; 1.9 2.0: Athletes, coaches, etc., do high-intensity manual labor every day. (2) Macronutrient supply: The macronutrient supply is further calculated based on the daily energy requirement. Protein: The energy ratio is 20%-30%, or 1.5-2.0g/(kg·d), which can be calculated in three ways: ideal weight or fat-free weight determined by body composition analysis: Method 1: Ideal weight (kg) × 1.5-2.0g/(kg·d) Method 2: Daily energy intake (TEI) × protein energy ratio (20%-30g). (5) Meal arrangement: There are two ways to implement a high-protein diet. The first is to obtain the daily protein required from high-protein foods. The second is to use 50% protein powder as a meal replacement and replace the remaining 50% of protein with high-protein foods. Because protein powder can be completely fat-free and sugar-free, and only protein is ingested, it is more conducive to mobilizing visceral fat and increasing satiety. Obviously, the second method is easier to achieve the weight loss goal. The daily meals can be divided into 5-6 meals. For example: Breakfast: staple food + high-quality protein food + vegetables 100-150g Snack: protein powder + dietary fiber, fruit 150-200g Lunch: Staple food + high-quality protein food + vegetables 250-300g Snack: Protein powder + dietary fiber Dinner: Staple food + high-quality protein food + vegetables 250-300g Snack: Skim/low-fat milk or yogurt 100-200g Because patients with chronic kidney disease may experience increased renal blood flow load due to a high-protein diet, it is recommended that patients with chronic kidney disease should carefully choose a high-protein diet.